The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family Violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children and family Violence was also defined as Violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of Violence has a positive relationship with psychological Violence, physical Violence, neglect against children and family Violence against children. In other results, it was found that Violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological Violence, physical Violence, neglect against children and family Violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental Violence, physical Violence and neglect against children and family Violence against children was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental Violence, physical Violence and neglect against children and family Violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological Violence, physical Violence and neglect against children and family Violence against children.

The present research studied the (causal, contextual, and intervening) conditions, strategies, and consequences of Violence in the lives of child wives in Chabahar city, conducted with a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 child-married girls in Chabahar city who were selected through theoretical sampling and snowball method. The analysis of the data in the framework of the three-level open, axial and selective coding system showed that gendered inequality and discrimination, women's inferiority, men's value, the culture of silence and the culture of Violence play a role in the experience of child-wives in terms of Violence (causal conditions), which leads to a type of increased, double Violence for them (core category); Violence that operates within the framework of the family institution, the main mechanism of which are previous traditions and rules, and the perpetrators of which are men and women who were themselves the victims of the same traditions and rules that they have, now, internalized and used again against their daughters. This increased Violence happens in a context where patriarchy is widespread (contextual conditions) and due to the generalized self-deprecation among child wives (intervening conditions), they may attempt to escape, get separated, threaten, and commit suicide (strategies), and these actions have consequences such as symbolic, physical, and sexual Violence and even social isolation (consequences).

Objectives: Teenage marriage results in social, cultural, and economic problems including domestic Violence. Based on research evidence, the present study attempted to provide a documentary image of domestic Violence in Early marriages. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by searching different databases such as Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, Magiran, Irandoc, and Iranmedex for articles which were published during 2000-2018. To this end, MeSH keywords like “ dating Violence” , “ intimate partner Violence (IPV)” , “ teenage marriage” , and “ domestic Violence” were utilized and thus a total of 176 articles were obtained and selected for review. Finally, the “ Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations” (GRADE) approach was used to order the quality of evidence. Results: Based on the findings, the general prevalence of domestic Violence varies from 7% to 48% in the world and from 10. 7% to 93% in Iran. IPV is more prevalent in younger women and psychological and physical Violence is higher in this group. In addition, the prevalence of domestic Violence in pregnancy varies from 2% to 43. 5%. Women experience more Violence in three months pre-pregnancy, during the first six months of pregnancy, and three months after childbirth. During pregnancy, domestic Violence is related to the complications of preterm labor, low birth weight, vaginal bleeding, and hospitalization. Eventually, depression, panic attacks, excessive alcohol use, eating disorders, and suicidal thoughts are mental health disorders resulted from domestic Violence. Conclusions: Overall, young women are the sacrifice of Violence in their most active years of life, which is along with the most harm in society concerning health, economics, cultural, and social issues. Considering its high rate, teenage marriage can be prevented by increasing public awareness and the cooperation of related organizations.

Background: Domestic Violence causes the family institution to turn into a tense, stressful, cold and soulless environment. The current study was handled to the aim of predicting domestic Violence according to cognitive emotion regulation (CER) and Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) in couples. Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational Research, which was carried out on couples with domestic Violence problems referring to counseling centers in Tehran, 2021. The number of 400 people was selected as samples through convenience sampling among those who were referred to counseling centers. The research tools included the questionnaire of Haj-Yahia Violence against women, Garfenski et al. 's cognitive regulation of emotion, and Young's Early maladaptive schemas. Data analysis was done using SPSS 21 software, Pearson's correlation coefficient and analysis of regression. Results: The findings revealed that domestic Violence has a significant and inverse correlation with CER, and a direct and significant correlation with EMSs (P < 0. 001). Domestic Violence was predictable based on CER (B =-0. 411, P = 0. 001) and EMSs (B =0. 372, P = 0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results, CER and EMSs were able to reduce and increase domestic Violence in couples, respectively. It is suggested to pay attention to the CER and EMSs of couples and supply the required teaching in this regard.